Early Access Note:
Early Access articles are new content made available in advance of the final electronic or print versions and result from IEEE’s Preprint or Rapid Post processes. Preprint articles are peer-reviewed but not fully edited. Rapid Post articles are peer-reviewed and edited but not paginated. Both these types of Early Access articles are fully citable from the moment they appear in IEEE Xplore.
Background: Closed-loop neuromodulation based on bladder pressure is an effective therapy for lower urinary tract dysfunction. The catheter-based cystometry normally used for bladder pressure measurement is not conducive to patient health because it will bring great mental stress to the patient and increase the risk of infection. Method: This paper designs and implements an implantable wireless and batteryless bladder pressure monitor system that monitors bladder storage in real time by implanting a miniature packaged sensor which transmits the feedback signal to the external receiver through BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy). The implanted part is powered by a dedicated magnetic resonance based wireless power transmission system, which means no battery is needed. Results: The maximum distance to which power can be transmitted is 7cm. The in vitro experiment proves that the system performance can meet the requirement of bladder pressure monitoring. The animal experiment uses rabbits as a model to verify the effectiveness of the system. After implantation, this system can work for a long time without replacing the battery. Conclusion: This system can monitor the pressure of the bladder and provide a basis for Closed-loop neuromodulation in patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction.
