This Special Issue features selected papers from IEEE EMBS BHI 2014 –The International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics. The conference, held on 1-4 June 2014 in Valencia, Spain, covered diverse topics from cutting-edge biomedical and healthcare technology research and development, to clinical applications, to biomedical education. The overall theme of the conference was “translating key health challenges with advances in biomedical informatics.” The JTEHM Special Issue papers were peer-reviewed for demonstrated clinical translational impact, and include substantial extension of technical contents, methodology and results.